Waves of clouds along the east flanks of the Andes Mountains cast off an orange glow by the low angle of the sun in the West. The dark area to the left is the Earth's terminator. This view was photographed by astronaut Frank Borman and James A. Lovell during the Gemini 7 mission, looking South from Northern Bolivia across the Andes. The Intermontane Salt Basins are visible in the background. This image was captured December 5, 1965. 1965年12月5日宇航员从玻利维亚北部向南眺望安第斯山脉。波浪般起伏的是云。 安第斯山脉:南美洲西部山系,沿太平洋海岸从委内瑞拉向火地岛延伸约8,045公里(5,000英里)。许多地方的安第斯山脉海拔超过6,710米(22,000英尺)
Astronauts on board the International Space Station (ISS) have a unique view of the world because of their position in a low orbit (200 nautical miles, 360 km) relative to satellites and their ability to look at any angle out the windows of the spacecraft. ISS crewmembers recently took advantage of their vantage point to photograph a series of oblique views of the Himalayas looking south from over the Tibetan Plateau. At first glance, one might think that the image looks like a picture taken from an airplane, until you remember that the summits of Makalu [left (8,462 meters; 27,765 feet)] and Everest [right (8,850 meters; 29,035 feet)] are at the heights typically flown by commercial aircraft. The full mosaic covers over 130 kilometers (80 miles) of the Himalayan front, and could never be seen this way from an airplane. 从国际空间站上俯瞰喜马拉亚 山脉。不要误以为是航空摄影,因为一般商用飞机的高度在珠穆朗玛峰顶部,无法拍出这样的照片,何况这幅照片覆盖130公里的喜马拉亚沿线,飞机无法企及。
Massive low-pressure system approaching the northern California coast, which resulted in high winds, heavy rain, and significant snows (elevations above 7,000 feet), as the strong storm spun onshore. 大片低压系统接近北加州海岸导致大风强雨和大雪(7000英尺以上高峰)
Against the barren desert of northeastern Africa, the fertile valley of the Nile River runs northward through Egypt. In the higher-resolution images, the city of Cairo can be seen as a gray smudge right where the river widens into its broad fan-shaped delta. Other cities are dotted across the green landscape, giving it a speckled appearance. Where the Nile empties into the Mediterranean Sea (top) the waters are swirling with color, likely a mixture of sediment, organic matter, and possibly marine plant life. Farther west, the bright blue color of the water is likely less-organically rich sediment, perhaps sand. 尼罗河:世界最长的河流,流程6,677公里(4,150英里)从布隆迪荒凉地带至埃及东北部地中海沿岸的三角洲穿过东非。主要的干流是青尼罗河和白尼罗河, 它们在苏丹境内的喀土穆交汇组成尼罗河。从至少公元前 4000年开始这条河就在埃及被用于农田水利,现在这一功效因阿斯旺高坎的落成而更广泛。
Astronauts in the crew of the ISS-5 mission were able to observe Mt. Etna’s spectacular eruption, and photograph the details of the eruption plume as well as smoke from fires triggered by the lava as it flowed down the 11,000-foot mountain. This image is looking obliquely to the southeast over the island of Sicily. This was one of Etna’s most vigorous eruptions in years. The eruption was triggered by a series of earthquakes on October 27. These images were taken on October 30, 2002. Sicilans have learned to live with Etna’s eruptions. 国际空间站上的宇航员观察到的Etna火山(意大利西西里附近)爆发(2002年10月30日)。图中显示的细节包括爆发地柱(从地幔隆起的一段熔化物)和熔岩从11000英尺的山上流下触发的大火引起的烟雾。这是数年来Etna最激烈的爆发,系由10月27日几次地震触发。
On a Space Station expedition, astronauts observed and captured this detailed image of the volcano’s summit caldera. In the center of the crater sits a lava dome that is 876 feet above the crater floor and is about 3,500 feet in diameter. The dome began to form after the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens. After the eruption, there was not any dome building eruptions for more than a decade. Afternoon lighting accents the flow features in the volcanic and debris flows and the steep valleys eroded into the loosely consolidated material near the summit. 宇航员观察和捕捉到的火山顶喷火口(Mount Saint Helens)。凹陷处是熔岩穹丘,高出凹陷底床876英尺,直径3500英尺。这个熔岩穹丘自从80年5月18日爆发后开始形成。那次爆发后,10多年来穹丘结构一直没有爆发过。
Fuji, Japan’s tallest volcano (3,776 m) and a national symbol, is located about 110 km (70 miles) west-southwest of Tokyo in central Honshu, Japan. It is a highly recognizable target from space and last week International Space Station crewmembers peered down onto Fuji’s snow-capped cone. The summit crater is about 250 m deep, with a diameter of about 500 meters. Fuji last erupted in 1707 from Hoei crater, a vent on the mountain’s southeastern flank. 国际空间站上拍摄的富士山。众所周知,日本第一高峰富士山,3776米,是一个火山。从国际空间站上非常容易辨认。其山顶的火山凹陷,深250米,直径500米。最近一次爆发是1707年。
International Space Station Imagery (11 September 2001) --- One of a series of pictures taken of metropolitan New York City (and other parts of New York as well as New Jersey) by one of the Expedition Three crew members onboard the International Space Station (ISS) at various times during the day of September 11, 2001. The image shows a smoke plume rising from the Manhattan area. The orbital outpost was flying at an altitude of approximately 250 miles. The image was recorded with a digital still camera. 国际空间站拍摄的911事件。
A power failure left many American cities in the dark on the evening of Thursday, Aug. 14, 2003. Authorities report there is no evidence of sabotage, although the cause of the blackout is not currently known. Authorities report that at around 4 p.m. the power flow on the northern side of the loop in Canada was moving from west to east. Then, for reasons not yet known, the power flow suddenly reversed direction and nearly doubled. The blackout began spreading rapidly across the grid with the sudden surge in power. Within minutes, computer programs in 21 different power stations across the region detected the cascading problem and automatically shut down to protect the power grid from damage. 2003年8月14日的美国加拿大大停电事故。第一幅图是一天前拍摄(停电前20小时),第二幅是停电7小时后。事故发生在下午4点左右,之前供电系统在加拿大的部分是从西向东部传输,不知何故,突然反过来了,且电流差不多加倍。这种带着电力突然急涌的停电,迅速在电网蔓延,几分钟时间,整个区域内21个电站的电脑程序检测到这个喷流问题,自动切断线路以保护电网避免损失。
From a vantage point about 360 km (225 miles) over the Earth, Space Station crewmembers photographed the crescent moon through the upper layers of Earth’s atmosphere. At the bottom of the image, a closed deck of clouds is probably at about 6 km (3 miles). The shades of blue grading to black are caused by the scatter of light as it strikes gas molecules of the very low-density upper atmosphere. 空间站上观看一轮新月。图像下部是关闭的云层平台,离地6公里(空间站离地360公里)。上部颜色由蓝变黑,是由于光线照射低密度高空大气的气体分子引起的散射而形成。(需要一定大学物理知识才能完全理解哈)
This collection would not be complete without including an astronauts’ view of Earth from Space. This true-color image shows North and South America, as they would appear from space 35,000 km (22,000 miles) above the Earth. 地球,美丽的家! 这是从35000公里拍摄的北美和南美的照片。注意,为真彩色图像(有别于遥感中广泛使用的伪彩色图像)