第一次, 如果结果是2, 3 或 12 ,P(W|2) = P(W|3) = P(W|12) = 0,胜不出(已输) ,不用再继续。但如果结果是 7 或 11 ,P(W|7) = P(W|11) = 1,已胜出,不用再继续。 但如果结果是 J=4、5、6、8、9或10就要继续第二次www.ddhw.com 条件是:you continue to roll two dice until the sum is j or 7, whichever is sooner. If it is 7, you lose; if it is j, you win. 就用conditional probability计算一下P(W|4), P(W|5), P(W|6), P(W|8), P(W|9), and P(W|10). Consider P(W|4). Continues to roll, if the point is 4, then you win. Wins if a 4 is rolled first and loses if a 7 is rolled first. If other numbers is rolled, then you need to roll again. Thus, this play only ends if a 4 or 7 is rolled. We then need the probability of rolling a 4 given that either 4 or 7 is rolled. But since 4 is contained in (4 or 7), we can compute the probability of 4 given 4 or 7 as follows: P(W|4) = P(4 | 4 or 7) = P(4) / P(4 or 7) = (3/36) / (9/36) = 3/9 = 1/3. 其它一样照做 P(W|10) = P(10 | 10 or 7) = P(10) / P(10 or 7) = (3/36) / (9/36) = 3/9 = 1/3.www.ddhw.com P(W|5) = P(W|9) = (4/36) / (10/36) = 2/5 P(W|6) = P(W|8) = (5/36) / (11/36) = 5/11 再用全概率公式计算: P(W) = P(4)P(W|4) + P(5)P(W|5) + P(6)P(W|6)+P(7) + P(8)P(W|8) + P(9)P(W|9) + P(10)P(W|10) + P(11) = (3/36)(1/3) + (4/36)(2/5) + (5/36)(5/11) +6/36 + (5/36)(5/11) +www.ddhw.com (4/36)(2/5) + (3/36)(1/3) +2/36 = 244 / 495 =0.49292929 . . . the probability p that you win=0.49292929 . . . 娛乐一下,我会玩。但用来找生活费,胜算更高亦不会玩。 www.ddhw.com
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