From other posts, I find you are a much more careful problem solver than I am, I guess there is something you see but I do not. Let me give more details about my previous proof, and let me know if you think any of the following the statments may fail. www.ddhw.com (1)After all prisoners have been called at least once, all the counts (A people and B people's) and the lower light state (1 if it is on, 0 if it is off) should either always add up to 46 or always add up to 47. Since every one bring 2 points toward the total count into the game, and that every point given up by a B person will either show on the lower light state or be collected by a A person, so no extra points will be generated and no points will be thrown away.www.ddhw.com The total count could be 47, because the very first person being called may find the lower light was on, but that was not set by any other prisoners, so in this case, he counts this extra point and make the total count to be: 2*23+1 = 47 instead of 46 (2)All B people's counts will be redistributed to A people's counts-- except for the 'last' B person who may has 1 count wasted. This is clear from the procedure.www.ddhw.com (3)All but one person will join group B eventually. Since every A person switchs the upper light each time he visits the room , sooner or later one of them will find that the state of the upper light has been changed since last time he visited the room, and this person will be kicked out from group A, and eventually, only one person left in the A group. www.ddhw.com (4)The last A person will eventually collect 46 counts. Since the total count is either 46 or 47, and when all the other prisoners are in group B, they will redistribute all the points they collected to this last A person, hence the last A person will eventually collect 46 points, and by then, he knows that all prisoners have visited the room. 2,3,4 should all be finished in finite number of times of calls. (with probability 1) www.ddhw.com
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