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标题: 硬币题 [打印本页]

作者: HF:    时间: 2012-3-19 12:55
标题: 硬币题

抛一硬币 (正反概率各1/2),你可以决定何时停止。一旦停止,你得到的奖励为K/N, 这里,N是停止时总抛币数,K是其中正面的次数。
问:如何决定何时停止使得你的平均所得最多?
www.ddhw.com

 

作者: pf_123456    时间: 2012-3-21 01:40
标题: whenever you get more than half, then stop

1.       If 1st = 1, then stop. If 1st = 0 then continual.www.ddhw.com

2.       If 2nd = 0 then continual; if 2nd = 1 then continual too, because 50% chance to get 2/3.www.ddhw.com

3.       A: If 2nd = 0 and 3rd = 0, then continual; B: if 2nd = 0 and 3rd = 1 or 2nd = 1 and 3rd = 0 then continual because the expected value = 3/8 > 1/3.  C: If 2nd = 1 and 3rd = 1 then stop because the expected value = 5/8 < 2/3.www.ddhw.com

4.       Keep doing on this way until you get more than ½.



 

作者: HF:    时间: 2012-3-21 04:32
标题: 回复:whenever you get more than half, then stop

 
...if 2nd = 0 and 3rd = 1 or 2nd = 1 and 3rd = 0 then continual because the expected value = 3/8 > 1/3...
 
why expected value = 3/8 here?www.ddhw.com

原贴:
文章来源: pf_123456 于 2012-3-20 17:40:30 (北京时间: 2012-3-21 5:40:30)
标题:whenever you get more than half, then stop

1.       If 1st = 1, then stop. If 1st = 0 then continual.www.ddhw.com

2.       If 2nd = 0 then continual; if 2nd = 1 then continual too, because 50% chance to get 2/3.www.ddhw.com

3.       A: If 2nd = 0 and 3rd = 0, then continual; B: if 2nd = 0 and 3rd = 1 or 2nd = 1 and 3rd = 0 then continual because the expected value = 3/8 > 1/3.  C: If 2nd = 1 and 3rd = 1 then stop because the expected value = 5/8 < 2/3.

4.       Keep doing on this way until you get more than ½.


www.ddhw.com

 

作者: fov22    时间: 2012-3-21 13:18
标题: 回复:whenever you get more than half, then stop

赞同pf的结论,
但是理由粗略的想了一下,要是奖励没到1/2 继续玩,根据大数定理(strong law of large numbers), 最后出现超过或者等于1/2的概率为1.
要是在某刻的奖励m/n>1/2, 那么接下来的期望是m+K/n+2K 对于任何接下来的K次投币, 应该可以观察出这个期望总是小于m/n 的,所以应该停止
www.ddhw.com

 

作者: HF:    时间: 2012-3-22 05:48
标题: 回复:回复:whenever you get more than half, then stop

“要是在某刻的奖励m/n>1/2, 那么接下来的期望是m+K/n+2K 对于任何接下来的K次投币”
没这么简单。因为“接下来”,你还可以选择何时停止,而不是固定再投K次币。

原贴:
文章来源: fov22® 于 2012-3-21 5:18:20 (北京时间: 2012-3-21 17:18:20)
标题:回复:whenever you get more than half, then stop

赞同pf的结论,
但是理由粗略的想了一下,要是奖励没到1/2 继续玩,根据大数定理(strong law of large numbers), 最后出现超过或者等于1/2的概率为1.www.ddhw.com
要是在某刻的奖励m/n>1/2, 那么接下来的期望是m+K/n+2K 对于任何接下来的K次投币, 应该可以观察出这个期望总是小于m/n 的,所以应该停止



 

作者: biomence    时间: 2012-3-25 16:44
标题: 这题是想钓出5毛党来吗?[:-Q]

  这题是想钓出5毛党来吗?





作者: fov22    时间: 2012-3-31 04:11
标题: 回复:回复:回复:whenever you get more than half, then sto

你有答案么说出来听听。
www.ddhw.com

 

作者: 学生    时间: 2012-4-10 06:01
标题: 回复:硬币题

这是一个涉及随机游动的问题。只能说“在第一次出现正面时就打住”(得到的奖励为1);但当第一次出现反面时,就没有策略能保证达到“优”(就象开区间(0, 1)中没有大的数那样)。
www.ddhw.com

 





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